In humans, the innate system consists of barriers to infection such as skin, mucous membranes, saliva (which has antibacterial properties), and the tonsils in the throat. These are designed to deter and delay infection from germs.
More interesting is the adaptive immune system. Once a virus enters our bodies it causes local inflammation, which is the first warning sign that something is wrong. This, in turn, acts as a trigger for the production of white blood cells, which then go on to produce antibodies that bind with pathogens and killer T cells to destroy the virus. Once these lymphocytes have done their job, the body is able to recover.
Detect, respond, recover
The steps in this process are exactly analogous to the steps required in a cyber incident response plan: deter, delay, detect, respond, and recover.